The background and pro and con arguments were written by ProCon.org staff based upon input from the following sources.
Footnotes:
| 1. | Saul Cornell and Nathan DeDino, "A Well Regulated Right: The Early American Origins of Gun Control," ir.lawnet.fordham.edu, 2004 | |
| 2. | Robert J. Spitzer, "Five Myths about Gun Control," washingtonpost.com, Dec. 21, 2012 | |
| 3. | US Supreme Court, District of Columbia, et al. v. Heller, supremecourt.gov, October 2007 | |
| 4. | CDC, "Data & Statistics (WISQARS)," wisqars.cdc.gov (accessed July 12, 2017) | |
| 5. | David Frum, "Are Gun Accidents 'Very Rare'?," thedailybeast.com, Feb. 20, 2013 | |
| 6. | P. Cummings, et al., "The Association between the Purchase of a Handgun and Homicide or Suicide," American Journal of Public Health, June 1997 | |
| 7. | Mark Follman and Gavin Aronsen, "'A Killing Machine': Half of All Mass Shooters Used High-Capacity Magazines," motherjones.com, Jan. 30, 2013 | |
| 8. | Everytown for Gun Safety, "Analysis of Recent Mass Shootings," everytown.org, July 2014 | |
| 9. | Ali Winston, "High-Capacity Magazines Flood Oakland," eastbayexpress.com, Jan. 16, 2013 | |
| 10. | Arkadi Gerney and Chelsea Parsons, "Women under the Gun: How Gun Violence Affects Women and 4 Policy Solutions to Better Protect Them," americanprogress.org, June 2014 | |
| 11. | Mayors against Illegal Guns, "The Connection between Domestic Violence and Weak Gun Laws," ncdsv.org, Feb. 27, 2013 | |
| 12. | Defense Manpower Data Center, "Defense Casualty Analysis System," dmdc.osd.mil (accessed Feb. 18, 2015) | |
| 13. | D. Hemenway and E.G. Richardson, "Homicide, Suicide, and Unintentional Firearm Fatality: Comparing the United States with Other High-Income Countries, 2003," Journal of Trauma, 2011 | |
| 14. | Everytown, "Guns and Violence against Women," everytown.org, 2014 | |
| 15. | Judith M. McFarlane, Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Susan Wilt, et al, "Stalking and Intimate Partner Femicide," Homicide Studies, victimsofcrime.org, 1999 | |
| 16. | Michael Planty and Jennifer L. Truman, "Firearm Violence, 1993-2011," bjs.gov, May 2013 | |
| 17. | Violence Policy Institute, "Firearm Justifiable Homicides and Non-Fatal Self-Defense Gun Use," vpc.org, Apr. 2013 | |
| 18. | Institute of Medicine, "Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence," iom.edu, June 5, 2013 | |
| 19. | Lynn Langton, "Firearms Stolen during Household Burglaries and Other Property Crimes, 2005-2010," bjs.gov, Nov. 2012 | |
| 20. | Ian Ayres and John J. Donohue III, "Shooting Down the ‘More Guns, Less Crime' Hypothesis," Stanford Law Review, islandia.law.yale.edu, Apr. 16, 2003 | |
| 21. | Sarabeth A. Spitzer, et al., "Costs and Financial Burden of Initial Hospitalizations for Firearm Injuries in the United States, 2006–2014," American Journal of Public Health, Apr. 11, 2017 | |
| 22. | Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, "GSWcost2010," pire.org (accessed Jan. 14, 2015) | |
| 23. | Embry M. Howell and Peter Abraham, "The Hospital Costs of Firearm Assaults," urban.org, Sep. 2013 | |
| 24. | Jillian Berman, "Taxpayers Shoulder Bulk of Gun Violence Health Care Costs: Study," huffingtonpost.com, Sep. 13, 2013 | |
| 25. | WHO, "The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence," who.int, 2004 | |
| 26. | Embry Howell, Sam Bieler, and Nathaniel Anderson, "State of Variation in Hospital Use and Cost of Firearm Assault Injury, 2010," urban.org, Aug. 2014 | |
| 27. | Pew Research Center, "Gun Rights Proponents More Politically Active: In Gun Control Debate, Several Options Draw Major Support," people-press.org, Jan. 14, 2013 | |
| 28. | Garen Wintemute, "Inside Gun Shows: What Goes on When Everybody Thinks Nobody's Watching," ucdmc.ucdavis.com, 2009 | |
| 29. | Colorado Pols, "'Hunter Boycott?' Meet the Hunters against Gun Violence," coloradopols.com, Mar. 28, 2013 | |
| 30. | Rebecca M. Cunningham, Maureen A. Walton, and Patrick M. Carter, "The Major Causes of Death in Children and Adolescents in the United States," New England Journal of Medicine, Dec. 20, 2018 | |
| 31. | Justin Briggs and Alexander Tabarrok, "Firearms and Suicides in US States,"International Review of Law and Economics, sciencedirect.com, Mar 2014 | |
| 32. | Katherine Hempstead and Antonio Rodriguez Andres, "Gun Control and Suicide: The Impact of State Firearm Regulations, 1995-2004," econstor.eu, Dec. 2009 | |
| 33. | Military Suicide Research Consortium (MSRC), "Information Paper, Subject: Military Suicide Research Consortium (MSRC) Summary of Suicide Prevention Best Practices," msrc.fsu.edu, July 18, 2012 | |
| 34. | Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, "Gun Safety & Public Health: Policy Recommendations for a More Secure America," smartgunlaws.org, Sep. 25, 2013 | |
| 35. | GAO, "Accidental Shootings: Many Deaths and Injuries Caused by Firearms Could Be Prevented," gao.gov, Mar. 19, 1991 | |
| 36. | Marjorie Sanfilippo, "Too Young Guns," usnews.com, Feb. 6, 2014 | |
| 37. | FBI, "Expanded Homicide Data Table 11: Murder Circumstances by Weapon, 2013," fbi.gov (accessed Mar. 24, 2015) | |
| 38. | J Hedeboe, et al., "Interpersonal Violence: Patterns in a Danish Community," American Journal of Public Health, June 1985 | |
| 39. | Susan P. Baker, "Without Guns, Do People Kill People?," American Journal of Public Health, June 1985 | |
| 40. | Arthur L. Kellermann, et al., "Gun Ownership as a Risk Factor for Homicide in the Home," nejm.org, Oct. 7, 1993 | |
| 41. | Mark Follman, "More Guns, More Mass Shootings—Coincidence?," motherjones.com, Dec. 15, 2012 | |
| 42. | Mark Follman, "Do Armed Civilians Stop Mass Shooters? Actually, No.," motherjones.com, Dec. 19, 2012 | |
| 43. | Jeffrey Voccola, "Why I Don't Want Guns in My Classroom," chronicle.com, Oct. 14, 2014 | |
| 44. | Gunpolicy.org, "Global Impact of Gun Violence," gunpolicy.org, 2013 | |
| 45. | Small Arms Survey, "Small Arms Survey 2007," smallarmssurvey.org, 2007 | |
| 46. | Lisa Hepburn and David Hemenway, "Firearm Availability and Homicide: A Review of the Literature," Aggression and Violent Behavior: A Review Journal, 2004 | |
| 47. | Michael Waldman, "How the NRA Rewrote the Second Amendment," politico.com, May 19, 2014 | |
| 48. | Jon Stokes, "The AR-15 Is More Than a Gun. It's a Gadget," wired.com, Feb. 25, 2013 | |
| 49. | Jill Lepore, "Battleground America," newyorker.com, Apr. 23, 2012 | |
| 50 | Josh Richman, "Assault Weapons: What Are They, and Should They Be Banned?," mercurynews.com, Jan. 18, 2013 | |
| 51. | Heritage Foundation, "Protecting Second Amendment Rights," solutions.heritage.org/guns, 2014 | |
| 52. | Lawrence Hunter, "Gun Control Tramples on the Certain Virtues of a Heavily Armed Citizenry," forbes.com, Dec. 28, 2012 | |
| 53. | Thomas Sowell, "The Great Gun Control Fallacy," theguardian.com, Dec. 18, 2012 | |
| 54. | John R. Lott, Jr., "An Interview with John R. Lott, Jr. Author of More Guns, Less Crime: Understanding Crime and Gun Control Laws," press.uchicago.edu, 1998 | |
| 55. | Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, "Growing Public Support for Gun Rights," people-press.org, Dec. 10, 2014 | |
| 56. | John Stossel, "Gun Control Isn't Crime Control," abcnews.go.com, Apr. 26, 2007 | |
| 57. | NRA, "Chris Cox's NRA Armed Citizen," nra.org/armedcitizen (accessed Oct. 6, 2014) | |
| 58. | Pew Research Center, "Why Own a Gun? Protection Is Now Top Reason," pewresearch.org, May 9, 2013 | |
| 59. | Nelson Lund, "The Second Amendment and the Inalienable Right to Self-Defense," heritage.org, Apr. 17, 2014 | |
| 60. | Eugene Volokh, "State Constitutional Right to Keep and Bear Arms Provisions," law.ucla.edu, 2006 | |
| 61. | NRA-ILA, "Guarantees of the Right to Arms in State Constitutions," nraila.org, July 3, 2014 | |
| 62. | Washington Post Editorial Board, "The NRA's Simplistic Response to Newtown: 'Good Guy with a Gun,'" washingtonpost.com, Dec. 21, 2012 | |
| 63. | James Wright and Peter Rossi, "Armed Criminals in America: A Survey of Incarcerated Felons, 1983," ncjrs.gov, 1985 | |
| 64. | Daniel Strauss, "Sen. Feinstein No Longer Has Concealed Weapon Permit," thehill.com, Dec. 20, 2012 | |
| 65. | US Fish and Wildlife Service, "National Survey – 2011 Survey," wsfrprograms.fws.gov, 2011 | |
| 66. | US Fish and Wildlife Service, "2011 National Survey of Fishing Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation," census.gov, Feb. 2014 | |
| 67. | NRA, "Ten Myths about Gun Control," duke.edu, Oct. 1994 | |
| 68. | National Shooting Sports Foundation, "Background Information on So-Called 'Assault-Weapons,'" nssf.org, 2011 | |
| 69. | Mark Follman, Gavin Aronsen, and Deanna Pan, "A Guide to Mass Shootings in America," motherjones.com, May 24, 2014 | |
| 70. | John R. Lott, Jr., "Gun Control Misfires in Europe," Wall Street Journal, unf.edu, May 4, 2002 | |
| 71. | Chicago Tribune, "Chicago Shooting Victims," crime.chicagotribune.com, Feb. 10, 2015 | |
| 72. | Tanveer Ali, "Though Chicago Murders Are Down, 'Gang Culture' Remains an Issue: Top Cop," dnainfo.com, Dec. 29, 2014 | |
| 73. | Chicago Tribune, "Chicago Shooting Victims," crime.chicagotribune.com/chicago/shootings, Mar. 22, 2015 | |
| 74. | Kevin Quealy and Tim Wallace, "Where 50,000 Guns Recovered in Chicago Came From," nytimes.com, Jan, 29, 2013 | |
| 75. | David Welna, "Some Gun Control Opponents Cite Fear of Government Tyranny," npr.prg, Apr. 8, 2013 | |
| 76. | CNN, "Piers Morgan Debates Alex Jones," youtube.com, Jan. 7, 2013 | |
| 77. | Amber Phillips, "Despite Harry Reid's Growing Support, Gun Control Legislation Probably Isn't Going Anywhere in Congress," lasvegassun.com, June 11, 2014 | |
| 78. | Vince Coglianese, "EXCLUSIVE: ACLU Says Reid's Gun Legislation Could Threaten Privacy Rights, Civil Liberties," dailycaller.com, Apr. 4, 2013 | |
| 79. | NRA-ILA, "Micro-Stamping & Ballistic 'Fingerprinting,'" nraila.org (accessed June 12, 2015) | |
| 80. | Rand Paul, Mike Lee, and Ted Cruz, "Sens. Paul, Lee, and Cruz Join Together to Protect Second Amendment," paul.senate.gov, Mar. 26, 2013 | |
| 81. | Jim Barrett, "Mythbusting: We'd Have Fewer Suicides with More Gun Control," thetruthaboutguns.com, Oct. 11, 2013 | |
| 82. | Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute, Inc, "Decades of Success in Reducing Firearms Accidents," saami.org, 2003 | |
| 83. | Claire Moore, "To Teach or Not to Teach Gun Safety in School," abcnews.go.com (accessed Feb. 11, 2015) | |
| 84. | NRA, "Eddie Eagle," eddieeagle.nra.org (accessed Feb. 11, 2015) | |
| 85. | Kyle Wintersteen, "10 Need-to-Know Gun Control Myths," gunsandammo.com, May 1, 2013 | |
| 86. | Libertarian Party, "Gun Laws: Why Libertarians Support Equal Rights for America's Gun Owners," lp.org (accessed Feb. 13, 2015) | |
| 87. | James J. Featherstone, Richard E. Gardiner, and Robert Dowlut, "The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution Guarantees and Individual Right to Keep and Bear Arms," guncite.com, 1982 | |
| 88. | Simon Rogers, "Gun Homicides and Gun Ownership Listed by Country," theguardian.com, July, 22, 2012 | |
| 89. | United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), "Global Study on Homicide," unodc.org (accessed Oct. 30, 2014) | |
| 90. | Damien Cave, "At a Nation's Only Gun Shop, Looking North in Disbelief," nytimes.com, July 24, 2012 | |
| 91. | ATF, "Report of Active Firearms Licenses - License Type by State Statistics," atf.gov, Feb. 10, 2015 | |
| 92. | William Booth, "In Mexico, Only One Gun Store but No Dearth of Violence," washingtonpost.com, Dec. 29, 2010 | |
| 93. | John Burnett, "Law-Abiding Mexicans Taking up Illegal Guns," npr.org, Jan. 28, 2012 | |
| 94. | Claire Gordon, "Gun Control Debate amongst African-Americans Involves Complicated History," huffingtonpost.com, Mar. 18, 2013 | |
| 95. | Michael L. Betsch, "Blacks Allegedly Victimized by 'Racist' Gun Control Laws," cnsnews.com, July 7, 2008 | |
| 96. | John Blake, "Does Race Shape Americans' Passion for Guns?," cnn.com, Oct. 10, 2014 | |
| 97. | Barbara Chai, "Love Your Gun? Thank the Black Panthers, Says New Book," blogs.wsj.com, Sep. 21, 2011 | |
| 98. | Clayton E. Cramer, "The Racist Roots of Gun Control," firearmsandliberty.com, 1993 | |
| 99. | Cornell University Law School, "10 U.S. Code § 246 - Militia: Composition and Classes," law.cornell.edu (accessed Aug. 7, 2017) | |
| 100. | Daniel J. Schultz, "The Second Amendment: The Framers' Intentions," lectlaw.com (accessed June 16, 2015) | |
| 101. | Adam Winkler, "The Secret History of Guns," theatlantic.com, Sep. 2011 | |
| 102. | David Lampo, "Gun Control: Myths and Realities," cato.org, May 13, 2000 | |
| 103. | Mark Gius, "An Examination of the Effects of Concealed Weapons Laws and Assault Weapons Bans on State-Level Murder Rates," Applied Economics Letters, tandfonline.com, Nov. 26, 2013 | |
| 104. | Stav Ziv, "U.S. Gun Ownership Declines," newsweek.com, Mar. 10, 2015 | |
| 105. | Clayton E. Cramer, Armed America: The Story of How and Why Guns Became as American as Apple Pie, 2006 | |
| 106. | Michael Waldman, The Second Amendment: A Biography, 2014 | |
| 107. | GeorgiaCarry.org, "History of Georgia’s Carry Laws," georgiacarry.org (accessed May 5, 2015) | |
| 108. | Adam Winkler, "Did the Wild West Have More Gun Control Than We Do Today?," huffingtonpost.com, Sep. 9, 2011 | |
| 109. | Charles G. Worman, Gunsmoke and Saddle Leather: Firearms in the Nineteenth-Century American West, 2005 | |
| 110. | Whet Moser, "Gun Control in the Age of Al Capone," chicagomag.com, July 25, 2012 | |
| 111. | History.com, "St. Valentine’s Day Massacre," history.com (accessed Mar. 26, 2015) | |
| 112. | ATF, "National Firearms Act Handbook," atf.gov, Apr. 2009 | |
| 113. | ATF, "Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide," atf.gov, 2014 | |
| 114. | Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, "Key Congressional Acts Related to Firearms," smartgunlaws.org, May 21, 2012 | |
| 115. | Steven Rosenfeld, "The NRA Once Supported Gun Control," salon.com, Jan. 14, 2013 | |
| 116. | ATF, "Brady Law," atf.gov (accessed Mar. 18, 2015) | |
| 117. | Associated Press, "Congress Lets Assault Weapons Ban Expire," nbcnews.com, Sep. 13, 2004 | |
| 118. | Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, "Gun Industry Immunity Policy Summary," smartgunlaws.org, May 20, 2015 | |
| 119. | ATF, "Open Letter to Federal Firearms Licensees Child Safety Lock Act of 2005," atf.gov, Apr. 1, 2006 | |
| 120. | FBI, "Testimony: David Cuthbertson, Assistant Director, Criminal Justice Information Services Division Federal Bureau of Investigation," fbi.gov, Nov. 15, 2011 | |
| 121. | Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence and the Brady Campaign, "2013 State Scorecard: Why Gun Laws Matter," bradycampaign.org, 2013 | |
| 122. | NRA-ILA, "About the NRA Institute for Legislative Action," nraila.org/about (accessed Mar. 9, 2015) | |
| 123. | US Supreme Court, McDonald et al. v. City of Chicago, Illinois, et al., supremecourt.gov (accessed Mar. 17, 2015) | |
| 124. | NRA, "History," home.nra.org/history (accessed Mar. 9, 2015) | |
| 125. | NRA Headquarters, "A Brief History of the NRA," nrahq.org/history (accessed Mar. 9, 2015) | |
| 126. | William Marvel, "Ambrose E. Burnside (1824-1881)," encyclopediavirginia.org (accessed Mar. 9, 2015) | |
| 127. | Josh Sugarman, "National Rifle Association: Money Firepower Fear," vpc.org, May 1992 | |
| 128. | Washington Post, "Timeline of the NRA," washintonpost.com, Jan. 12, 2013 | |
| 129. | Todd C. Frankel, "Why the CDC Still Isn’t Researching Gun Violence, despite the Ban Being Lifted Two Years Ago," washingtonpost.com, Jan. 14, 2015 | |
| 130. | Christine Jamieson, "Gun Violence Research: History of the Federal Funding Freeze," apa.org, Feb. 2013 | |
| 131. | Michael Luo, "N.R.A. Stymies Firearms Research, Scientists Say," nytimes.com, Jan. 25, 2011 | |
| 132. | Josh Harkinson, "Does the NRA Really Have 4 Million Members?," motherjones.com, Jan. 14, 2013 | |
| 133. | Guidestar, guidestar.org (accessed Mar. 25, 2015) | |
| 134. | NRA-ILA, "2014 NRA-ILA Firearms Fact Card," nraila.org, Mar. 26, 2014 | |
| 135. | OpenSecrets.org, "National Rifle Assn," opensecrets.org, Feb. 11, 2015 | |
| 136. | Gregg Lee Carter, Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law, 2002 | |
| 137. | Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, "Our History," bradycampaign.org (accessed Mar. 10, 2015) | |
| 138. | OpenSecrets.org, "Gun Control," opensecrets.org, Feb. 11, 2015 | |
| 139. | Everytown for Gun Safety, "The Real Story of Mass Shootings in America," everytown.org (accessed May 7, 2015) | |
| 140. | Mark Follman, Gavin Aronsen, Deanna Pan, and Maggie Caldwell, "US Mass Shootings, 1982-2012: Data from Mother Jones' Investigation," motherjones.com, Dec. 28, 2012 | |
| 141. | Pew Research Center, "Growing Support for Gun Rights," people-press.org, Dec. 10, 2014 | |
| 142. | The White House, "FACT SHEET: New Executive Actions to Reduce Gun Violence and Make Our Communities Safer," whitehouse.gov, Jan. 4, 2015 | |
| 143. | FoxNews.com, "Obama Executive Action on Guns to Require Background Checks for More Sales," foxnews.com, Jan. 5, 2015 | |
| 144. | Sam Stein, "The Congressman Who Restricted Gun Violence Research Has Regrets," huffingtonpost.com, Oct. 6, 2015 | |
| 145. | Richard Gonzales, "Federal Appeals Court Says There Is No Right to Carry Concealed Weapons in Public," npr.org, June 9, 2016 | |
| 146. | Adam Nagourney and Erik Eckholm, "2nd Amendment Does Not Guarantee Right to Carry Concealed Guns, Court Rules," nytimes.com, June 9, 2016 | |
| 147. | Erin Grinshteyn and David Hemenway, "Violent Death Rates: The US Compared with Other High-Income OECD Countries, 2010," amjmed.com, Mar. 2016 | |
| 148. | Bindu Kalesan, et al., "Firearm Legislation and Firearm Mortality in the USA: A Cross-Sectional, State-Level Study," thelancet.com, Mar. 10, 2016 *A 2016 RAND report, written by Terry L. Schell and Andrew R. Morral, "Evaluating Methods and Findings from a Study of State Gun Policies," critiqued this study, but Lancet left it up without comment. |
|
| 149. | Ines de la Cuetara, "Marco Rubio Goes All-in on Guns Following Debate," abcnews.go.com, Jan. 17, 2016 | |
| 150. | Melissa Jeltsen, "Supreme Court Affirms That Even 'Reckless' Domestic Abusers Should Lose Gun Rights," huffingtonpost.com, June 27, 2016 | |
| 151. | Supreme Court of the United States, Voisine v. United States, supremecourt.gov, June 27, 2016 | |
| 152. | Office of the United States Attorneys, "1117. Restrictions on the Possession of Firearms by Individuals Convicted of a Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic Violence," justice.gov (accessed June 27, 2016) | |
| 153. | Brent Kendall, "Supreme Court Declines to Ease Gun Access for Misdemeanor Domestic Violence Offenders," wsj.com, June 27, 2016 | |
| 154. | Kim Parker, et al., "America’s Complex Relationship With Guns," pewsocialtrends.org, June 22, 2017 | |
| 155. | Quinnipiac University, "February 20, 2018 - U.S. Support for Gun Control Tops 2-1, Highest Ever, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Let Dreamers Stay, 80 Percent of Voters Say," poll.qu.edu, Feb. 20, 2018 | |
| 156. | Pete Williams, "Supreme Court Won't Hear Challenge to California Gun Waiting Period," nbcnews.com, Feb. 20, 2018 | |
| 157. | Joseph Blocher and Eric Ruben, "The Second Amendment Allows for More Gun Control Than You Think," vox.com, May 23, 2018 | |
| 158. | Martin Kaste, "Gun Studies: Permit Laws Reduce Murders; Red Flag Laws Cut Suicides," npr.org, June 4, 2018 | |
| 159. | Aaron J. Kivisto and Peter Lee Phalen, "Effects of Risk-Based Firearm Seizure Laws in Connecticut and Indiana on Suicide Rates 1981-2015," psychiatryonline.org, June 1, 2018 | |
| 160. | Cassandra Crifasi, et al., "Association between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties," europepmd.org, May 21, 2018 | |
| 161. | Ryan Lucas, "Justice Department Bans Bump Stocks, Devices Used in Deadly Las Vegas Shooting," npr.org, Dec. 18, 2018 | |
| 162. | CDC, WISQARS Database, cdc.gov (accessed July 17, 2018) | |
| 163. | Faiz Gani, Joseph V. Sakran, and Joseph K. Canner, "Emergency Department Visits for Firearm-Related Injuries in the United States, 2006–14," Health Affairs, Oct. 2017 | |
| 164. | Maggie Fox, "State-by-State Study Links Gun Ownership with Youth Suicide,” nbcnews.com, Jan. 17, 2019 | |
| 165. | Domenico Montanaro, "Americans Largely Support Gun Restrictions to 'Do Something' about Gun Violence," npr.org, Aug. 10, 2019 | |
| 166. | Stephen Gandel, "Guns and Ammo Sales Spike in U.S. on Coronavirus Worries," cbsnews.com, Mar. 17, 2020 | |
| 167. | Sophie Lewis, "March 2020 Was the First March without a School Shooting in the U.S. since 2002," cbsnews.com, Apr. 14, 2020 | |
| 168. | Adam Liptak, "Supreme Court Dismisses Challenge to New York City Gun Ordinance," nytimes.com, Apr. 27, 2020 | |
| 169. | Rebecca Klar, "FBI Gun Background Checks in April among Highest Ever Recorded," thehill.com, May 5, 2020 | |
| 170. | Keith Collins and David Yaffe-Bellany, "About 2 Million Guns Were Sold in the U.S. as Virus Fears Spread," nytimes.com, Apr. 1, 2020 | |
| 171. | David M. Studdert, et al., "Handgun Ownership and Suicide in California," nejm.org, June 4, 2020 | |
| 172. | Benedict Carey, "First-Time Gun Owners at Risk for Suicide, Major Study Confirms," nytimes.com, June 3, 2020 | |
| 173. | Melissa Quinn, "Supreme Court Declines to Hear Host of Gun Rights Cases," cbsnews.com, June 15, 2020 | |
| 174. | FBI, "NICS Background Checks: Month/Year: November 30, 1998 - May 31, 2020," fbi/gov (accessed June 29, 2020) | |
| 175. | Josh Campbell, "US Firearms Purchases Skyrocket during Pandemic, According to FBI Records," cnn.com, Aug. 3, 2020 | |
| 176. | J. Edward Moreno, "Secret Service Report Finds Large Portion of Mass Shootings Done with Illegal Gun," thehill.com, Aug. 6, 2020 | |
| 177. | Carol D. Leonnig and Tom Hamburger, "New York Attorney General Seeks to Dissolve NRA in Suit Accusing Gun Rights Group of Wide-Ranging Fraud and Self-Dealing," washingtonpost.com, Aug. 6, 2020 | |
| 178. | Danny Hakim, "New York Attorney General Sues N.R.A. and Seeks Its Closure," nytimes.com, Aug. 6, 2020 | |
| 179. | Josh Campbell, "FBI Firearm Background Checks Set All-Time Record in 2020," cnn.com, Nov. 2, 2020 | |
| 180. | Clare Duffy, "NRA Files for Bankruptcy," cnn.com, Jan. 16, 2021 | |
| 181. | FBI, "NICS Firearm Checks: Month/Year," fbi.gov (accessed Feb. 1, 2021) | |
| 182. | Adrienne Vogt, "Here's How the DOJ Will Work to Reduce the Risk of Gun Violence, According to the US Attorney General," cnn.com, Apr. 8, 2021 | |
| 183. | Tim Mak, "Judge Dismisses NRA Bankruptcy Case, Heightening Risk for Dissolution of Group," npr.org, May 11, 2021 | |
| 184. | Associated Press, "Mexico Sues U.S. Gun Manufacturers For Contributing To Arms Trafficking Deaths," npr.org, Aug. 5, 2021 | |
| 185. | Dakin Andone, "13 States Have Backed the Mexican Government’s Lawsuit against a Group of US Gun Manufacturers," cnn.com, Feb. 6, 2022 | |
| 186. | Tierney Sneed and Ariane de Vogue, "Supreme Court Strikes Down New York Concealed Gun Law," cnn.com, June 23, 2022 | |
| 187. | Amy Howe, "In 6–3 Ruling, Court Strikes Down New York’s Concealed-Carry Law," , June 23, 2022 | |
| 188. | Emily Cochrane and Zolan Kanno-Youngs, "Biden Signs Gun Bill Into Law, Ending Years of Stalemate," nytimes.com, June 25, 2022 | |
| 189. | Don Clyde and Shauneen Miranda, "Biden Signs Gun Safety Bill into Law," npr.org, June 25, 2022 | |
| 190. | CBS News, "Texas Judge Rules Gun-Buying Ban for People under Felony Indictment Is Unconstitutional," cbsnews.com, Sep. 19, 2022 | |
| 191. | Jonathan Stempel, "U.S. Appeals Court Strikes Down Ban on Bump Stocks," reuters.com, Jan. 9, 2023 | |
| 192. | White House, "Executive Order on Reducing Gun Violence and Making Our Communities Safer," whitehouse.gov, Mar. 14, 2023 | |
| 193. | Seema Mehta and Courtney Subramanian, "Biden Consoles Monterey Park over Mass Shooting, Signs Order to Curb Gun Violence," latimes.com, Mar. 14, 2023 |